We know that bad times don't last so are the bankers just out there to fend for themselves only? During good times when the company books are looking great, bonds are being issues to help provide the working capital for these companies. The moment the cash-flow stops, the banks stop lending or restructuring. Quite a tough and sad moment though.
I discussed about bonds/debts a few posts back and talked about public/private financing in the capital markets. What Swiber did was to find some banks to finance their working capital and they would pay off interest to bondholders over a period of time. What the lead banks provided are in turn offered out to retail/institutional/HNWI to take on a portion of the bond. Most of the time, financing is offered in terms of Loanable Value.
Let's use this example: I buy Bond S.Limited on point of purchase for the initial offering at Par Price (100.00) and as a bank I syndicate this capital raising and offer a portion to other parties so as to diversify the risk the bank takes on. When "Sophisticated" investors take on these investments I offer a 60% Loanable value, it just means that for every $1 worth of S.Limited bonds, The bank will be willing to finance you $0.60 and all you need is $0.40 worth of cash and on each reinvestment amount, you get another 60% in loanable term. When S.Limited declares bankrupt, I supposed that this is highly strung and then same bank who finances the bond syndication would deemed these investments as invaluable now and decides to tell you that you can't lend anymore from the $0.60 previously as what they have valued the investment at so you have to make back the full amount in a few days' time. I would think that this is as good as lenders telling the company that they will stop lending. To raise $0.60 from elsewhere isn't really a problem for most people but how about $600,000 or $6,000,000 which I really doubt many of us have that kind of cash waiting around somewhere.
Just to put in down in illustration and mathematics so that it can be easily understood (not really isn't it looking at this complicated piece of calculation table) This is basically a long form of maximizing the full loanable amount and then re-investing them back into the same investments and over again:
| Name of Security | Cash for Investment | Loanable Value | Loan Amount | Cash Used | Balanced Cash | Value of Portfolio (Nett of Loans) |
| S.Limited 6.00% 2025 | 1,000,000.00S$ | 60% | 600,000.00S$ | 400,000.00S$ | 600,000.00S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ |
| 600,000.00S$ | 60% | 360,000.00S$ | 240,000.00S$ | 360,000.00S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 360,000.00S$ | 60% | 216,000.00S$ | 144,000.00S$ | 216,000.00S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 216,000.00S$ | 60% | 129,600.00S$ | 86,400.00S$ | 129,600.00S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 129,600.00S$ | 60% | 77,760.00S$ | 51,840.00S$ | 77,760.00S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 77,760.00S$ | 60% | 46,656.00S$ | 31,104.00S$ | 46,656.00S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 46,656.00S$ | 60% | 27,993.60S$ | 18,662.40S$ | 27,993.60S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 27,993.60S$ | 60% | 16,796.16S$ | 11,197.44S$ | 16,796.16S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 16,796.16S$ | 60% | 10,077.70S$ | 6,718.46S$ | 10,077.70S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 10,077.70S$ | 60% | 6,046.62S$ | 4,031.08S$ | 6,046.62S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 6,046.62S$ | 60% | 3,627.97S$ | 2,418.65S$ | 3,627.97S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 3,627.97S$ | 60% | 2,176.78S$ | 1,451.19S$ | 2,176.78S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 2,176.78S$ | 60% | 1,306.07S$ | 870.71S$ | 1,306.07S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 1,306.07S$ | 60% | 783.64S$ | 522.43S$ | 783.64S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 783.64S$ | 60% | 470.18S$ | 313.46S$ | 470.18S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 470.18S$ | 60% | 282.11S$ | 188.07S$ | 282.11S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 282.11S$ | 60% | 169.27S$ | 112.84S$ | 169.27S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 169.27S$ | 60% | 101.56S$ | 67.71S$ | 101.56S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 101.56S$ | 60% | 60.94S$ | 40.62S$ | 60.94S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 60.94S$ | 60% | 36.56S$ | 24.37S$ | 36.56S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 36.56S$ | 60% | 21.94S$ | 14.62S$ | 21.94S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 21.94S$ | 60% | 13.16S$ | 8.77S$ | 13.16S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 13.16S$ | 60% | 7.90S$ | 5.26S$ | 7.90S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 7.90S$ | 60% | 4.74S$ | 3.16S$ | 4.74S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 4.74S$ | 60% | 2.84S$ | 1.90S$ | 2.84S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 2.84S$ | 60% | 1.71S$ | 1.14S$ | 1.71S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 1.71S$ | 60% | 1.02S$ | 0.68S$ | 1.02S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 1.02S$ | 60% | 0.61S$ | 0.41S$ | 0.61S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 0.61S$ | 60% | 0.37S$ | 0.25S$ | 0.37S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 0.37S$ | 60% | 0.22S$ | 0.15S$ | 0.22S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 0.22S$ | 60% | 0.13S$ | 0.09S$ | 0.13S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 0.13S$ | 60% | 0.08S$ | 0.05S$ | 0.08S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 0.08S$ | 60% | 0.05S$ | 0.03S$ | 0.05S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 0.05S$ | 60% | 0.03S$ | 0.02S$ | 0.03S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 0.03S$ | 60% | 0.02S$ | 0.01S$ | 0.02S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 0.02S$ | 60% | 0.01S$ | 0.01S$ | 0.01S$ | 1,000,000.00S$ | |
| 2,499,999.97S$ |
Okay, in short form it really is Total Amount / (1-Loanable value) = $1,000,000 / (1-60%) = $2,500,000
So, With $1, the bank can loan you up to $2.50 presumably that you reinvest them into the same bond. Your total investments become $3.50 (Nett of loans, $3.5 - $2.5 = $1) Your nett portfolio value still remains the same but that comes with plenty of risks:
1. You leave no buffer for any mark to market movement
2. You become concentrated into one single asset class and one company
3. Loans means you have to service the interests on a regular basis so with increase in interest rates, that brings your return lesser though you have taken more risks
4. In times of liquidity and crisis, most likely you will not be able to sell your holdings as fast
5. When you hit a margin call, you most likely have to top-up your cash balances as soon as possible or that would become a sell-out eventually at the current price.
On the flip side,
1. You maximize fully what leverage can bring you
2. Your Yield is increased because of the leverage factor
3. Returns will eventually increase with a higher risk taken
Again, it brings us back to basics again. What is your investment profile? That high risk taker with a long horizon? The conservative investor that is skeptical? Don't be surprised though that there are high risk takers who are willing to take the risk. Then again, if you know the risks you are taking then take it with integrity and principles. I've met and known people who can't lose and yet take on aggressive investments but the bad times arrives, they do put the blame and point the finger on others even though they know the risks involved. When it comes to money, humans are not exactly what they are. As the saying goes, tough time don't last but tough guys do.
Rickmers Maritime Trust is another company which has most likely burned out all its resources over the years to come to this stage where their trust company on the listed exchange is no longer required. They are unable to come to a restructuring plan of the note they have issued and unable to pay the interest and any accrued interest up to date. If you look carefully into their cash-flow statements, they are on a negative scale. In layman, they do not have cash retained in their accounts but their distributions are paid out on a regularly basis and for a long long time. There can only be a few reasons to do so:
1. Keep investors happy that they are receiving the dividends
2. Ensure that their stock price on the exchange stays stable
3. Waiting out for the bad cycle to ride through and business to pick up again.
But by doing so:
1. The money paid out have to be taken from somewhere and most of the time it is from a bond and restructured many times most likely
2. Anyone who digs deeper into the company details will know the state of their company
3. The cycle may not ever recover for the company to be relevant anymore
A group of bond holders have issued a letter of demand to the company in terms of payment of interests but a company without cash-flow is as good as broke so that we shall see what might happen next and which other smaller companies might be hit for now.
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